Multi-Agent System

A multi-agent system involves multiple agents working within the same environment. These agents interact, cooperate, or compete, collectively shaping the system’s behavior. Unlike single-agent systems, where a single entity makes all decisions and actions, multi-agent systems distribute decision-making across many autonomous agents.

Fundamental Characteristics of Multi-Agent Systems

1. Distributed Control
   Decision-making and control are not centralized. Each agent operates autonomously, contributing to system-level goals.

2. Interaction and Communication
   Agents share information, negotiate tasks, and coordinate. This communication makes the system more responsive and adaptive.

3. Cooperation and Competition
   Agents may collaborate to achieve common objectives or compete over limited resources. Their relationships can shift as conditions evolve.

4. Scalability and Flexibility
   Multi-agent systems can grow or shrink by adding or removing agents. Their modular structure supports resilience and easier maintenance.

5. Emergent Behavior
   Complex global patterns can arise from local interactions, often resulting in innovative solutions and adaptive strategies.

6. Heterogeneity
   Agents may differ in capabilities, goals, and decision-making methods. Diversity among agents increases the system’s robustness and problem-solving potential.